1Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, MALAYSIA
2Velammal Bodhi Campus, Erode, INDIA
3School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, MALAYSIA
4Department of Maritime Science and Technology, Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
5Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA
6Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, INDIA
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ABSTRACT
Background
M. oleifera is an enriched plant with a variety of rich ingredients that play a very important part in the human diet. Thus, scientists have great interest in assessing the medicinal value of the plant to promote the preparation of new and advanced drugs. Hence, the preparation of plant extracts for experimental purposes is an initial step and key to achieving a quality research outcome.
Materials and Methods
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the screening of M. oleifera bioactive compounds using various solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, petroleum ether, chloroform, and water) in the extraction procedure and determine the quality and quantity of bioactive constituents.
Results
The quantitative analyses showed that crude leaf, pod, and bark extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, proteins, and carbohydrates in all extracts except for petroleum ether extract. Qualitative analysis of the detected phytochemicals reveals the highest concentrations were found in leaf extracts, where a high extraction yield was recorded in the aqueous extract.
Conclusion
This study reveals that the presence or absence of particular phytochemicals is determined by the polarity of the solvents used for extraction. Also, the justification for M. oleifera to contain rich phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins, that are known to have pharmacological properties, was validated, and they can be explored for biological potential.