1Department of Biochemistry, Rabiammal Ahamed Maideen College for Women, Tiruvarur, INDIA
2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA
3Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA
4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman, JORDAN
5Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Bioinformatics, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, INDIA
6Centre for Applied Research, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering (SSE), Saveetha Institute of Technical and Medical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Array
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ABSTRACT
Introduction
A major feature of drug-resistant cancer is the overexpression of transcription factors. During the study, reserpine, an indole alkaloid, was examined for its anticancer effects on cancer with drug resistance.
Objectives
The objective of this study was to explore the anti-apoptotic impacts of reserpine in drug-resistant cancer cells by impeding the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and STAT3.
Materials and Methods
For the in vitro study of reserpine’s anticancer activity, human drug resistance cancer cell line KB-ChR-8-5 was selected. A MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of reserpine. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), comet test, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) and AO/EtBr staining were used to assess cell proliferation, DNA damage and apoptotic activation. Conducting western blot analysis was employed in this research study to examine the effect of reserpine on KB-ChR-8-5 cells express levels of proteins related to apoptosis markers and transcription factor expression.
Results
We found that, reserpine decreased cell viability, increased ROS levels, enhanced DNA damage and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential due to its antioxidant properties. Moreover, the suppression of NF-κB and STAT3 facilitates the upregulation of specific apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, cytochrome C, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, which simultaneously inhibit cancer growth.
Conclusion
These results imply that reserpine suppressed NF-κB and STAT3 nuclear translocation process, which led to ROS-induced apoptosis and tumour cell death.