1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA
2Department of Cardiac Science, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA
3Department of Pharmacy, Maternity and Children Hospital Rafah, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA
4Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Taif, SAUDI ARABIA
5Department of Community Pharmacy, Taif, SAUDI ARABIA
6Department of Pharmacy, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA
7College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Hafar Al-Batin, SAUDI ARABIA
8College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, SAUDI ARABIA
9College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA
10College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAUDI ARABIA
Corresponding author.
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ABSTRACT
Aim/Background
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) affects the lower limbs. Globally there is a growing disease burden among the patients suffering from cardio-vascular disease and metabolic disorders. The purpose of this review is to generate evidence on the efficacy of CAM therapies in PAD.
Materials and Methods
This systematic review was performed across the five electronic databases i.e. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Ovid SP, ISI Web of Science, Elsevier Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library as per the PRISMA guidelines from inception till April 2022.
Results
After screening n=55,410 articles, n=77 articles were found to fulfill the eligibility criteria and were selected for this review. The nature of interventions investigated in the clinical trials were physical interventions including exercises of different forms, oral supplements, and other interventions such as chelation therapy, Tai Chi Chuan (TCC), Intermittent Mechanical Compression (IMC) device, connective tissue reflex massage, Remote Ischemic Preconditioning (RIC), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and heat therapy. Upon final assessment, it was revealed that physical activity had a positive effect on peripheral arterial disease patients’ quality of life. In addition,Ginkgo biloba and nitrate supplements were found effective for Intermittent Claudication (IC) and PAD patients.
Conclusion
This review suggests a positive impact of physical activity on peripheral arterial disease patients’ quality of life. Evidence also shows that Physical activity/ exercise-based intervention alone or in combination with the supplement is found to be effective among PAD patients and has shown significant results in intermittent claudication.