Girish Meravanige1,*, Madhu Bommanahalli Krishnegowda2, Kumarswamy Kunigal Chandru2, Prakash S Goudanavar2, Suryawanshi Sopan Vishwambhar2, Nimbagal Ragavendra Naveen2, Afzal Haq Asif3,Predeepkumar Narayanappa Shiroorkar1, Nagaraja Sreeharsha4,5, Ranjith Kumar Karnati6
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAUDI ARABIA.
2Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagara, Karnataka, INDIA.
3Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, SAUDI ARABIA
4Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, SAUDI ARABIA.
5Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA.
6Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAUDI ARABIA.
ABSTRACT
Aim: This study focuses on developing and evaluating a transferosomal gel containing clotrimazole and miconazole nitrate, antifungal medications used to treat fungal infections, including superficial tinea and nail infections. Materials and Methods: The MI-CTM transferosomes were created using rotary film evaporation and optimized using the Box-Behnken statistical design. They were evaluated for drug concentration, viscosity, Spreadability, pH, and in vitro release kinetics after being embedded in a Carbopol 934 gel. Results: Particle sizes ranging from 145±0.604 nm to 760±0.684 nm and a zeta potential ranging from -2.8 to -41.8, the produced MIC transferosomes exhibited a high EE% ranging from 15.6±0.66%) to (80.25±1.85%). Transferosomes’ surface morphology was assessed using a scanning electron microscope, and it was discovered that the vesicles had a spherical form. A 24 hr in vitro release study was conducted for the optimized formulation, showing improved drug release of 86.94% and 89.87% CDR for clotrimazole and miconazole nitrate, respectively. After conducting a kinetic release research, the formulation for miconazole nitrate and the clotrimazole medication followed the non-Fickian transport mechanism described by Peppas and first order kinetics, respectively. There was no noticeable deterioration of the medication based on the stability data, which included no appreciable changes in pH, drug content, or cumulative percentage drug release. Conclusion: Miconazole nitrate and clotrimazole in transferosomal gel, thus, increase medication application frequency while simultaneously enhancing patient compliance.
Keywords: Transferosomes, Transdermal drug delivery system, Antifungal, Drug release.