Yashavanth Gangadhar1, Amal Rasul Al Turaifi2, Nimbagal Raghavendra Naveen2, Prakash Goudanavar2, Santhosh Fattepur3, Nagaraja Sreeharsha2,4,*, Mohammed Monirul Islam5, Muhammad Shahzad Chohan5
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G.Nagar, Karnataka, INDIA.
2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAUDI ARABIA.
3School of Pharmacy, Management And Science University, Seksyen 13, 40100, Shah Alam, Selengor, MALAYSIA.
4Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA.
5Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAUDI ARABIA.
ABSTRACT
Aim: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and toxicity properties of Valganciclovir Hydrochloride, a potent antiviral agent, using in silico models. Background: Valganciclovir Hydrochloride is an FDA-approved antiviral agent and understanding its pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties is critical for optimizing its use. Objectives: To assess the pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity profile and bioactive characteristics of Valganciclovir Hydrochloride using computational in silico models. Materials and Methods: Lipinski’s Rule of Five was applied to evaluate the compound’s solubility and intestinal absorption properties. The drug’s plasma protein binding and Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) penetration were also assessed to understand its distribution profile. Clearance rates were calculated to evaluate how efficiently the compound is eliminated from the body. Additionally, the LD50 value of Valganciclovir Hydrochloride was estimated using a rat toxicity model to understand its toxicity threshold. Pharmacological activities were further assessed using the PASS online server to evaluate its bioactive properties and potential toxic effects on non-tumor cell lines. Results: Valganciclovir Hydrochloride exhibited high solubility and a moderate rate of intestinal absorption. The drug showed low plasma protein binding and poor BBB penetration, suggesting that its distribution is primarily localized within the body. The compound demonstrated a low clearance rate of 5 mL/min/kg. Toxicity analysis revealed an estimated LD50 value of 3,080,000 mg/kg via the oral route, indicating a relatively high toxicity threshold. The PASS analysis highlighted various bioactive properties without any toxic effects on non-tumor cell lines, with a Probability of occurrence (Pa) value lower than 0.5, further supporting the non-toxic profile of the compound.
Keywords: In silico Modelling, Valganciclovir Hydrochloride, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicity Assessment, Molecular Descriptor, QSAR Modelling